Energy consumption refers to the use of energy, typically in the form of electricity, gas, or other fuels, to power various activities and processes. This can include everything from powering household appliances and vehicles to industrial processes and commercial operations. Energy consumption is a critical aspect of sustainability and environmental impact, as the source of energy used and the efficiency of its use can have significant implications for carbon emissions, resource depletion, and overall environmental health. Researchers in this area study trends in energy consumption, develop strategies for reducing energy use and increasing efficiency, and explore alternative sources of energy to support a more sustainable future.